Voici l'article racontant comment beaucoup ont risque leurs vies pour que la lumiere soit faite sur le pillage de la foret malgache (en malgache et en anglais ici)
L'une des conséquences de l'interminable crise politique à Madagascar est son impact désastreux sur l'environnement, particulièrement sur la forêt primaire, pillée pour le très juteux trafic de bois précieux. La collaboration entre associations de protection de l'environnement et d'autres plus particulièrement axées sur la transparence a été essentielle pour prouver ces pillages. L'enquête menée par différentes associations indépendantes a montré que le trafic de bois de rose rapportait 460000 dollars américains par jour. Le compte-rendu a aussi révélé qu'il se déroulait avec la complicité du gouvernement de Madagascar qui autorisait l'exportation des containers contenant les grumes d'arbres de bois de rose. L'enquête s'est déroulée sur plus de deux ans et a commencé sous la présidence du précédent président [aujourd'hui exilé]. Ces informations n'ont fait surface dans le débat politique et les médias à Madagascar qu'au cours des derniers mois, en partie à cause des preuves irréfutables apportées par les associations.
Video de Globalwitness.org prouvant l'abattage illégal de bois de rose à Madagascar
De nombreuses associations impliquées dans la défense de environnement et la transparence doivent être remerciées pour cette enquête, menée à bien en dépit du chaos politique, des risques judiciaires et des menaces de mort. Nous avons interviewé Rhett A. Butler, créateur du site de vulgarisation scientifique et de protection de la nature Mongabay et Reiner Tegtmeyer, membre de l'équipe Global Witness, une association qui dénonce la corruption dans l'exploitation des ressources naturelles et le commerce international, sur les nombreux défis de la protection de l'environnement dans un pays ravagé et sur le rôle joué par les nouvelles technologies dans la collecte de données pour l'enquête. Le rapport complet sur le trafic et les autorités malgaches impliquées est disponible ici (Global Witness) et ici (Mongabay). Des études importantes sur les politiques de protection de l'environnement ont également été publiées par Madagascar Wildlife Conservation et l'Institut Jane Goodall ainsi que par l'International Resources Group, USAID et les Parcs nationaux de Madagascar. Ces enquêtes ont pour la plupart été menées séparément, si l'on excepte quelques collaborations."L'équipe de Mongabay à Madagascar- Crédit photos : Benja R. de wildmadagascar.org"]
Le rôle des nouvelles technologie et le coût de l'enquête :
Rhett Butler explique qu'une collaboration a été nécessaire non seulement pour rassembler les preuves mais aussi pour attirer l'attention des médias et sur les réseaux sociaux en ligne :
Jeremy Hance, Rowan Gerety et les informateurs sur place ont été essentiels pour rassembler et organiser les informations. Les informateurs ont pris des photos avec des téléphones mobile et des appareils numériques très simples, ont envoyé leurs informations par email et SMS. Ils surveillaient les chargements dans les ports et communiquaient les géolocalisations et leurs infos par téléphone mobile. Le Missouri Botanical Garden a financé l'achat d'images satellite haute résolution qui ont été utilisées pour prouver où le bois de rose était stocké. Ces informations ont été transmises aux autorités malgaches (qui n'ont rien fait ou presque), au service de la pêche et de la vie sauvage des États-Unis (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service), pour qu'il puisse lancer une enquête en invoquant la Loi Lacey, à la délégation française à Copenhague (COP15) et aux médias (qui ont en général ignoré l'information). [..] D'après ce que je sais, acheter des images satellite revient cher et la qualité des images de Google Earth n'était pas suffisante (résolution et fréquence) pour notre enquête. Mongabay n'avait pas de budget et s'est appuyé en grande partie sur le travail et la collaboration de bénévoles.Reiner Tegtmeyer a aussi souligné que beaucoup de personnes (de Global Witness ou indépendants) ont été impliqué dans l'enquête et la rédaction des rapports. Il donne la ventilation des coûts d'une telle enquête, qui dépendent de :
a) la portée géographique et thématique de l'enquête b) les conditions de transport et le cout des billets d'avion vers le pays cible , c) le nombre de personnes/associations et de parties prenantes concernées par le sujet de l''enquête qu'il faut consulter d) les experts locaux (experts techniques, guides, traducteurs) devant être recrutés. Le cout d'une enquête de quatre semaines sur le terrain comme celle de Madagascar revient à entre 50 et 80 000 dollars américains, et comprennent les dépenses pour le soutien logistique et administratif, l'assurance, la production et publication des rapports.image satellite de containers de bois de rose, prêtée par les Missouri Botanical Gardens"]
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