Le débat sur la manière la plus efficace de réduire le niveau de pauvreté endémique à certaines régions et la protection des populations les plus vulnérables continue et le sera pour longtemps car il n’existe pas de solution miracle. Ce débat se centre sur l’utilité de l’aide internationale. Les septiques quant à la capacité de l’aide à sortir les PVD de la pauvreté se basent sur 50 ans d’aide aux pays d’Afrique sub-saharienne pour des résultats médiocres et l’enrichissement visible de dirigeants peu scrupuleux au détriment de la population générale. Ils ajoutent que l’aide est souvent conditionnée à des commandes préférentielles pour ne pas parler des intérêts géopolitiques qui déterminent le plus souvent qui reçoit l’aide et comment.
Mais peut-on conclure pour autant que l’aide au développement est un échec et que l’on ferait mieux d’annuler ceci pour se concentrer sur la promotion de la collaboration entre secteur privé et secteur public ? et promouvoir la croissance économique par l’entreprenariat comme fer de lance du développement (ainsi que le président Obama l’a clairement déclaré dans son discours sur le sujet la semaine passée) ?
Il m’est difficile de croire que la croissance économique par le secteur privé est la panacée aux soucis des populations les plus vulnérables. L’aide n’a certes pas sorti les pays comme Madagascar de la pauvreté chronique mais rien ne dit que la situation ne serait pas pire sans cette aide. L’aide au développement a beaucoup de problème à régler mais je pense que faire fi de tout le travail entrepris par les professionnels du développement sous prétexte que nos pays pataugent encore dans le semoule depuis des annees est trop simpliste. Par exemple, je ne vois vraiment pas comment un secteur privé plus dynamique arrivera à solutionner l’état navrant des hôpitaux à Madagascar et une couverture sociale quasi-inexistante (les témoignages de malgaches qu’on refuse de traiter car ils ne peuvent payer les couts des soins abondent par centaines) ou réduire le nombre d’enfants qui trainent dans les rues des grandes villes du Sud.
Mon autre souci en voyant le débat continuer ad vitam eternam entre gens du développement pour optimiser l’aide, c’est que l’on repousse et ostracise les personnes amateurs qui voudraient juste apporter leurs pierres à l’édifice de la solidarité « inter-humaines » qui si on y regarde de plus près, s’effiloche à vue d’œil.
Le discours sécuritaire en France et l’expulsion des Roms en a offusquaient plusieurs mais si cette mesure a été prise, c’est que des analystes politiques ont jugés qu’une frange importante de la population en serait favorable. Aux États-Unis, la dérive islamophobe a eu comme conséquence une mobilisation très faible pour venir en aide aux victimes des inondations au Pakistan.
Mais de manière moins directe mais tout aussi indicative, la proportion de personnes qui lisent les nouvelles internationales diminue de manière préoccupante aux 4 coins du monde. On pensait que l’explosion des outils médiatiques rapprocheraient les populations mais bien au contraire, on peut maintenant sélectionner facilement les nouvelles qui nous intéressent et si on le désire, se passer totalement de ce qui peut bien se passer au delà de notre communauté immédiate. Les excuses sont toutes faites : train de vie trop contraignant, problèmes personnels à régler, le quotidien qui nous rattrape… et pourtant, on y passe du temps sur les médias numériques mais on regarde les matchs de foot live, la dernière vidéo virale sur YouTube ou les photos des amis sur Facebook (pour info, je viens de décrire mon menu de consommation numérique). Cette « atomisation » des médias n’est pas sans conséquence et pourrait s’avérer couteuse si ce n’est déjà le cas pour les victimes en Haïti et au Pakistan.
Les problèmes de "désolidarisation" ne se résument pas aux pays occidentaux, on l’observe dans les manifestations xénophobes en RSA, dans les discours politique ethnocentriques dans de multiples pays (dont Madagascar) dans notre capacité à regarder ailleurs quand un enfant en haillons fait la quête dans le parking car après tout, « on ne peut pas donner à tout le monde n’est-ce-pas ? » (encore une fois, expérience vécue).
Vous trouverez sur le web une communauté dynamique et vibrante, (principalement anglophone) d’acteurs du développement qui échangent idées, expériences et critiques sur l’humanitaire et le développement en général.
Voici quelques articles à lire absolument ( ne pas hésiter à utiliser « google translate » si il le faut) sur comment faire face à la mendicité, les erreurs que l’on répète périodiquement en matière d’aide internationale, ce qu’Obama a vu juste en matière de développement, le problème de la l’utilisation de la pauvreté et de la misère pour lever des fonds ou encore «poverty porn», le rôle essentiel des femmes, le respect dû aux personnes vulnérables et les problèmes de l’implication des multinationales ou des célébrités dans le développement.
Les points développés dans ces blogs sont importants à saisir et bien argumentés. Mais si je suis le noobie de base qui tombe par hasard sur ces blogs parce que je veux aider, je peux soit me dire : « le développement c’est complexe et ma foi intéressant » mais je peux aussi me dire: « pourquoi me fatiguer à me préoccuper de tout cela quand on voit la myriade de soucis à avoir avant qu’une bonne action soit réalisable ».
Je pense que le monde du développement est entrain de perdre la bataille du marché de l’attention. Pourquoi le citoyen se soucierait-il de la complexité d’acheminer l’aide à Kandahar quand il peut regarder son épisode favori de Friends quand il veut sur son ordi ? Peut-être que c’est mieux que les gens qui ont une attache minime ne s’engagent pas dans des situations qui leur sont peu familières. Mais va-t-on vraiment dire que l’on fait fi du potentiel de contribution de ces personnes qui faute de meilleures idées vont peut-être s’acheter une deuxième rolex ? Ou pire encore, se passer des compétences d’un ingénieur en hydraulique car il n’a pas le temps d’absorber les tenants et aboutissants de l’aide en Ethiopie ? Ce surplus cognitif dont Clay Shirky parle longuement doit etre considéré plus attentivement par le monde du développement.
Car la raison pour laquelle on s’est investi dans le domaine du développement est que la cause des plus vulnérables nous passionne et il devrait faire partie de notre répertoire que de partager cette passion sans verser dans le misérabilisme ou le « poverty porn ». Certes comme le titre de ce site formidable l’indique : « Les bonnes intentions ne suffisent souvent pas ».
Mais ne faisons pas l’erreur en identifiant les dérives de l’aide au développement de tarnir la passion de ceux qui voudraient se lancer dans le domaine. Avec l’expérience vient souvent le cynisme, on le conçoit parfaitement car l’enfer est pavé de bonnes intentions.
Mais si le développement était vraiment une utopie d’une futilité impénétrable, on aurait déjà tous du partir planter des choux depuis belle lurette comme Zadigue.
Faisons l'effort non seulement d’éduquer sur la manière de rendre l'aide au développement plus efficace mais aussi d'encourager les gens a s’intéresser au développement. C'est peut-être parfois frustrant mais c'est aussi souvent passionnant.
Pour finir, j’aimerai signaler quelques articles qui illustre parfaitement sans faire d’excès de misérabilisme pourquoi la bataille du développement doit essayer d’unifier tous ses acteurs à continuer à pousser et non se distraire en divisions internes sur des débats plus ou moins idéologiques.
Sur les médias et la famine au Niger (Johanne Veilleux) :
Ce qui me préoccupe surtout, c’est qu’entre New York et Maradounfa, au Niger, nous sommes trop souvent le chaînon manquant, sensibilisés que nous sommes seulement un soir de temps en temps, quand les images véhiculées par les journaux deviennent insupportables. Ce qui me préoccupe surtout, c’est qu’au travers tous ces « oublis », Baratou est tombée dans un gros trou noir, avec 60 000 autres enfants nigériens.
à Madagascar :
sur les enfants (Madame Chocolat):
On me dit de ne pas donner de mauvaises habitudes, de ne pas cautionner la mendicité et puis j'entends doucement cette femme qui me dit "laisse le porter" avec des yeux plein d'amour et je vois le petit train d'enfants derrière elle qui chemine à bon pas entre les étals des marchants. Chacun avec un petit sac de légumes ou de fruits. Alors je dis oui à la petite ombre et je lui confie mes courses. L'enfant me suit, aussi petit que ma fille, certainement plus vieux, le visage gris, impassible de tant de souffrance. Je pense aux miens, aux visages roses, aux mains lisses et aux pieds crèmés. Je le regarde et lui demande si ça va, puis ma question me retombe dans la tête comme un coup de massue. Il à les pieds croutés, les orteils en sang. Il m'accompagne jusqu'à la voiture et je lui donne un petit billet qu'il froisse dans son poing. Une autre femme me conseille d'avoir toujours dans la boite à gants des petits paquets de biscuits individuel à distribuer et à ouvrir devant l'enfant. Pour qu'il ne puisse pas aller revendre le biscuit. Ces deux femmes sont nées ici et m'apportent beaucoup en peu de mots face aux discours blasés plein de méfiance et de jugements que j'entends depuis 1 mois. Vivre avec les petites ombres et ne pas en devenir une.
Et inégalité (besorongala) :
Every day when I go to my workplace, I must take two consecutive buses. On my way, I see some situations that make me think on the difficulties of our daily life. In fact, in the morning when I leave my apartment, I see people who are living in a hovel(trano hazo, trano baoritra), while in front there is a family located in a beautiful villa with lots of cars. On the bus, I see through the glass people who ride on beautiful cars (Hummer, Mercedes, BMW, four by four), while others walk on foot. Arriving in town, I see around me people wearing beautiful clothes and beautiful shoes(Nike, addidas) while others do not. At lunch time I see people eating in good restaurants while others do not even eat. Finally, on the weekend, when I go to the market, I see people spending a lot of money buying clothes, jewelry, while others do not even have Ariary 200 to buy bread.Shit happens (R1lita):
The saying “You look for today what you’ll eat today” started to had a full sense to me. I was living it. I went to a uncle of mine to borrow some money and promised him I’d give it back as soon as possible. And I really wanted to keep my words but two months after my wife was robbed in a bus with a-month salary in her bag. I was hopeless, the little that I thought would help us was taken away from us.
Few days after, I made up my mind to start a little movie projection in my yard, so I could have people pay to watch movies. I went to the Fokontany to know what are the administrative papers I need to do to be able to set up this business. As of today, I’m still doing this business. Even though, we’ve been obliged to tighten our belts more than before, I find myself luckier than some of my workmates. I had to find other ways to get money because of Christmas and what it means to my kids (especially). No matter what is happening, I think they deserve to celebrate it as any other kids.
Sympa ton article! Ça fait plaisir de voir des blogs en français sur le development international.
ReplyDeleteSalut Willem,
ReplyDeleteMerci. Sympa les aventures en Ethiopie. On espere te lire bientot sur je sujet sur ton blog "interested in development". Il y a bien sur d'autres blogs francophones qui parle du sujet dont:
http://prettyzoely.wordpress.com/developpement-durable-et-integral/
http://johanneveilleux.wordpress.com/
Je lis ce billet à retardement, je viendrai me documenter chez toi aussi...Très intéressant...
ReplyDeleteMais comme tu l'as "souligné", c'est plus dans les "médias" anglophones que l'on découvre "les acteurs du développement qui échangent idées, expériences et critiques sur l’humanitaire et le développement en général." Et les autres gens se désintéressent quand ce n'est pas dit dans leur langue...
@Pretty Zoely,
ReplyDeletemerci d'etre passe:
Je n'ecris plus tres souvent, mais si je m'y remets, c'est cette tension entre langue, solidarite, medias citoyens et impact reel que j'aimerai explorer.
Glorious info here. This fascinating post made me smile. Possibly should you throw in a couple of footage it would make the whole thing more interesting. Anyway, in my language, there are not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteWonderful learn, I simply handed this onto a colleague who was doing some research on that. And he actually purchased me lunch because I discovered it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteWonderful learn, I simply handed this onto a colleague who was doing some research on that. And he actually purchased me lunch because I discovered it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteThank you for the wise critique. Me & my neighbour have been getting ready to do a little analysis about that. We received an excellent guide on that matter from our local library and most books where not as influensive as your information. I am very glad to see such information which I used to be searching for a protracted time.This made very glad! Anyway, in my language, there aren't a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeletePlease tell me it labored proper? I dont want to sumit it once more if i wouldn't have to! Both the weblog glitced out or i'm an fool, the second possibility doesnt surprise me lol. thanks for an awesome blog! Anyway, in my language, there are usually not a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeleteThere are definitely a lot of details like that to take into consideration. That may be a great point to deliver up. I supply the ideas above as normal inspiration however clearly there are questions just like the one you deliver up where an important thing can be working in trustworthy good faith. I don?t know if greatest practices have emerged around issues like that, but I am sure that your job is clearly identified as a fair game. Anyway, in my language, there are usually not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteThere are certainly a whole lot of particulars like that to take into consideration. That may be a great level to bring up. I supply the ideas above as basic inspiration but clearly there are questions like the one you carry up the place a very powerful thing shall be working in sincere good faith. I don?t know if finest practices have emerged around issues like that, however I'm positive that your job is clearly recognized as a good game. Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteI was questioning what is up with that bizarre gravatar??? I know 5am is early and I'm not wanting my finest at that hour, however I hope I do not seem like this! I'd nonetheless make that face if I am requested to do a hundred pushups. lol Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeletethere are not a lot good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteFantastic website. A lot of useful information here. I am sending it to several friends ans also sharing in delicious. And certainly, thanks for your effort!
ReplyDeleteWonderful learn, I simply handed this onto a colleague who was doing some research on that. And he actually purchased me lunch because I discovered it for him smile So let me rephrase that: Thanks for lunch! Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteThank you for the wise critique. Me & my neighbour have been getting ready to do a little analysis about that. We received an excellent guide on that matter from our local library and most books where not as influensive as your information. I am very glad to see such information which I used to be searching for a protracted time.This made very glad! Anyway, in my language, there aren't a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeleteWell said! This was a really quality post. In theory I'd like to write like this too - taking time and real effort to make a good article... but what can I say... I procrastinate alot and never seem to get something done.
ReplyDeleteThere are definitely a lot of details like that to take into consideration. That may be a great point to deliver up. I supply the ideas above as normal inspiration however clearly there are questions just like the one you deliver up where an important thing can be working in trustworthy good faith. I don?t know if greatest practices have emerged around issues like that, but I am sure that your job is clearly identified as a fair game. Anyway, in my language, there are usually not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteIt was a very nice idea! Just wanna say thank you for the information you have shared. Just continue writing this kind of post. I will be your loyal reader. Thanks again.
ReplyDeleteUnbelievable submit! This could support a number of individuals find out about this matter. Do you need to incorporate video clips along with these? It could undoubtedly help out. Your purpose was spot on and owing to you; I most likely won't have to explain all the pieces to my pals. I can merely direct them here. Anyway, in my language, there will not be a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeleteI was going to write a similar blog concerning this topic, you beat me to it. You did a nice job! Thanks and I well add your RSS to our blogs. Thanks so much, Jon B.
ReplyDeleteI was questioning what is up with that bizarre gravatar??? I know 5am is early and I'm not wanting my finest at that hour, however I hope I do not seem like this! I'd nonetheless make that face if I am requested to do a hundred pushups. lol Anyway, in my language, there should not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteTruely a nice blog and excellent anylasisi. I like your blog and the style you talk! Thanks for your great work, faithfully.
ReplyDeleteI recently came accross your blog and have been reading along. I thought I would leave my first comment. I don?t know what to say except that I have enjoyed reading. Nice blog. I will keep visiting this blog very often.
ReplyDeleteGlorious info here. This interesting put up made me smile. Perhaps should you throw in a few footage it'll make the whole thing extra interesting. Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteGlorious info here. This interesting put up made me smile. Perhaps should you throw in a few footage it'll make the whole thing extra interesting. Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteGlorious info here. This interesting put up made me smile. Perhaps should you throw in a few footage it'll make the whole thing extra interesting. Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, this is my very first go to to your weblog! We're a gaggle of volunteers and starting a brand new initiative in a neighborhood throughout the same niche. Your weblog provided us helpful info to work on. You will have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there aren't much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteI would like to Thanks for the informative post. I really appreciate it. I hope that I can get more benefit from Important blog.
ReplyDeleteGlorious info here. This interesting put up made me smile. Perhaps should you throw in a few footage it'll make the whole thing extra interesting. Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteInteresting Article. Hoping that you will continue posting an article having a useful information. Thanks a lot!
ReplyDeleteI don't really have much to say in response, I only wanted to comment to reply wonderful work.
ReplyDeleteThanks for taking the time to discuss this, I feel strongly about it and love learning more on this topic. If possible, as you gain expertise, would you mind updating your blog with more information? It is extremely helpful and beneficial to your readers.
ReplyDeleteProperly, this is my very first go to to your weblog! We're a gaggle of volunteers and starting a brand new initiative in a neighborhood throughout the same niche. Your weblog provided us helpful info to work on. You will have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there aren't much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteHello, I noticed a 3 of your interesting posted posts and wished to ask in case you would be keen on reciprocal pages? Team have weblog about alexis texas ass! Anyway, in my language, there usually are not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, that is my very first visit in your weblog! We're a group of volunteers and beginning a brand new initiative in a community within the same niche. Your weblog supplied us useful information to work on. You might have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteYour weblog is fine. I simply need to touch upon the design. Its too loud. Its doing way an excessive amount of and it takes away from what youve bought to say --which I feel is de facto important. I dont know if you happen to didnt suppose that your phrases could hold everyones attention, however you have been wrong. Anyway, in my language, there usually are not a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeleteHowdy, i learn your weblog occasionally and that i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get loads of spam feedback? If that's the case how do you forestall it, any plugin or anything you possibly can advise? I get a lot lately it's driving me mad so any help may be very a lot appreciated. Anyway, in my language, there usually are not a lot good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, this is my very first go to to your weblog! We're a gaggle of volunteers and starting a brand new initiative in a neighborhood throughout the same niche. Your weblog provided us helpful info to work on. You will have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there aren't much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteHello, I noticed a 3 of your interesting posted posts and wished to ask in case you would be keen on reciprocal pages? Team have weblog about alexis texas ass! Anyway, in my language, there usually are not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, that is my very first visit in your weblog! We're a group of volunteers and beginning a brand new initiative in a community within the same niche. Your weblog supplied us useful information to work on. You might have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteYour weblog is fine. I simply need to touch upon the design. Its too loud. Its doing way an excessive amount of and it takes away from what youve bought to say --which I feel is de facto important. I dont know if you happen to didnt suppose that your phrases could hold everyones attention, however you have been wrong. Anyway, in my language, there usually are not a lot good source like this.
ReplyDeleteHowdy, i learn your weblog occasionally and that i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get loads of spam feedback? If that's the case how do you forestall it, any plugin or anything you possibly can advise? I get a lot lately it's driving me mad so any help may be very a lot appreciated. Anyway, in my language, there usually are not a lot good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, this is my very first go to to your weblog! We're a gaggle of volunteers and starting a brand new initiative in a neighborhood throughout the same niche. Your weblog provided us helpful info to work on. You will have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there aren't much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteHello, I noticed a 3 of your interesting posted posts and wished to ask in case you would be keen on reciprocal pages? Team have weblog about alexis texas ass! Anyway, in my language, there usually are not much good source like this.
ReplyDeleteProperly, that is my very first visit in your weblog! We're a group of volunteers and beginning a brand new initiative in a community within the same niche. Your weblog supplied us useful information to work on. You might have carried out a marvellous job! Anyway, in my language, there are not much good supply like this.
ReplyDeleteHowdy, i learn your weblog occasionally and that i own a similar one and i was just wondering if you get loads of spam feedback? If that's the case how do you forestall it, any plugin or anything you possibly can advise? I get a lot lately it's driving me mad so any help may be very a lot appreciated. Anyway, in my language, there usually are not a lot good supply like this.
ReplyDelete